Bio24269 Vol. 23 No. 3 (2024)

Vol. 23, No. 3 (2024), Bio24269 https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Bio24269

Application of crude enzyme extracts produced in solid-state fermentation by Trichoderma harzianum on coffee waste for the hydrolysis of pretreated waste

Authors

E. L. Hernández-Teyssier, Y. Mercado-Flores, A. Téllez-Jurado

Abstract

Residues from the coffee industry are an important source of organic matter to produce hydrolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using filamentous fungi and Trichoderma harzianum. SSF was performed with sterilized (SR) and non-sterilized (nSR) residues with particle sizes between 1.68 mm and 2.37 mm. In the aqueous crude enzyme extracts from SSF-SR, a xylanase activity of 7.59 ± 1.18 IU/g dry of coffee residues mix was detected after 8 days, as well as CMCase activity, 3.4 ± 0.2 IU/g, after 6 days. In SSF-nSR, FPase activity, was 29.65 ± 3.14 IU/g, at 8 days of fermentation. Subsequently, SSF was carried out with pretreated residue with ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction (SSF-pUAA) and with residues no-pretreatment; in both cases, a particle size between 1 mm-1.68 mm was used. The highest CMase activity with 9.4 ± 1.36 IU/g CRM was detected in the SSF-pUAA. Finally, the crude enzymatic extract obtained with buffer was used to hydrolyze residues treated by ultrasound-assisted organosolv testing different residue:enzyme extract ratios. In the best hydrolysis ratio (1:15), the highest presence of galactose was observed at 10.78 ± 0.84 mg/g, which can indicate hydrolysis, preferably of the hemicellulose present in the pretreated residues.

Keywords

Crude enzyme extract, CMCase, pretreatment coffee residues, solid-state fermentation, Trichoderma harzianum.

References
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References

Al-dhabi, N.A., Ponmurugan, K. and Maran, P. (2017). Development and validation of ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction of phenolic compounds from waste spent coffee grounds. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 34, 206–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.005.

Ang, S.K., Shaza E.M., Adibah, Y., Suraini, A.A. and Madihah, M.S. (2013). Production of cellulases and xylanase by Aspergillus fumigatus SK1 using untreated oil palm trunk through solid state fermentation. Process Biochemistry 48(9), 1293–1302. https://doi.oir/10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.019.

Ávila-Núñez, R.A., Perez, B.R., Motzezak, R.H. and Chirinos, M. (2012). Contenido de azúcares totales, reductores y no reductores en Agave cocui Trelease. Multiciencias 12(2), 129–135.

Barrios-González, J. (2012). Solid-state fermentation: Physiology of solid medium, its molecular basis and applications. Process Biochemistry 47(2), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2011.11.016.

Brethauer, S. and Studer, M.H. (2014). Consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose by a microbial consortium. Energy and Environmental Science 7(4), 1446–1453. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee41753k.

Catalán, E., Komilis, D. and Sánchez, A. (2019). Environmental impact of cellulase production from coffee husks by solid-state fermentation: A life-cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 233, 954–962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.100.

Cerda, A., Gea, T., Vargas-García, M.C. and Sánchez, A. (2017). Towards a competitive solid state fermentation: Cellulases production from coffee husk by sequential batch operation and role of microbial diversity. Science of the Total Environment 589, 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.184.

Cerda, A., Gea, T., Vargas-García, M.C. and Sánchez, A. (2019). Valorisation of digestate from biowaste through solid-state fermentation to obtain value added bioproducts: A first approach. Bioresource Technology 271, 409–416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.131.

Cheng, Y., Qu, Y., Yang, S., Zhuang, K. and Wang, J. (2021). Staged biorefinery of Moso bamboo by integrating polysaccharide hydrolysis and lignin reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) for the sequential production of sugars and aromatics. Industrial Crops and Products 164(15), 113358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113358.

Chu, K. H. (2020). Fitting the Gompertz equation to asymmetric breakthrough curves. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8(3), 103713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103713.

Collins, T., Gerday, C. and Feller, G. (2005). Xylanases, xylanase families and extremophilic xylanases. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 29(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsre.2004.06.005.

de Oliveira-Rodrigues, P., Alves-Gurgel, L.V., Pasquini, D., Badotti, F., Góes-Neto, A., and Alves-Baffi, M. (2020). Lignocellulose-degrading enzymes production by solid-state fermentation through fungal consortium among Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. Renewable Energy 145, 2683–2693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.041.

Deborde, C., Moing, A., Roch, L., Jacob, D., Rolin D. and Giraudeau, P. (2017). Plant metabolism as studied by NMR spectroscopy. Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 102–103, 61–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.05.001.

de Souza-Vandenberghe, L.P., de Carvalho, J.C., Libardi, N., Rodrigues, C. and Soccol, C.R. (2016). Microbial enzyme factories: Current trends in production processes and commercial aspects. In: Agro-Industrial Wastes as Feedstock for Enzyme Production, (G.S. Dhillon and S. Kaur, eds.), Pp. 1-22. Academic Press. San Diego. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802392-1.00001-0.

Díaz, A.B., Car, I., de Ory, I. and Blandino, A. (2007). Evaluation of the conditions for the extraction of hydrolitic enzymes obtained by solid state fermentation from grape pomace. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 41(3), 302–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.02.006.

Escudero-Agudelo, J., Daza Merchán, Z.T., Gil Zapata, N.J. and Mora Muñoz, O.Y. (2013). Evaluación de las enzimas celulolíticas producidas por hongos nativos mediante fermentación en estado sólido (SSF) utilizando residuos de cosecha de caña de azúcar. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología 15(1), 108–117.

Gallardo-Ignacio, J., Nicasio-Torres, P., Santibáñez, A., Cabrera-Hilerio, S.L., and Cruz-Sosa, F. (2022). Ethnopharmacological study of the genus Coffea and compounds of biological importance. Rev. Mex. Ing. Quim. 21(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Bio2856.

Geremu, M., Tola, Y. B. and Sualeh, A. (2016). Extraction and determination of total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of red coffee (Coffea arabica L ) pulp of wet processing plants. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-016-0077-1

Gómez-García, R., Medina-Morales, M.A., Rodríguez, R., Farriggia, B.M., Picó, G.A. and Aguilar, C.N. (2018). Production of a xylanase by Trichoderma harzianum (Hypocrea lixii) in solid-state fermentation and its recovery by an aqueous two-phase system. Canadian Journal of Biotechnology 2(2), 108–115. https://doi.org/10.24870/cjb.2018-000122.

Hames, B., Scarlata, C. and Sluiter, A. (2008). Determination of protein content in biomass Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP) Issue Date: 05/23/2008 Determination of Protein Content in Biomass Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP), (May).

Hernández-Teyssier, E.L., Anducho-Reyes, M.A., Díaz-Godínez, G. and Téllez Jurado, A. (2023a). Modeling of growth during detoxification of coffee residues by filamentous fungi. Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios III, 1-14. https//doi.org/10.19136/era.a10nIII.3628.

Hernández-Teyssier, E.L., Ramírez-Vargas, M.R., Ramírez-Castillo, M.L. and Téllez-Jurado, A. (2023b). Integration of extraction and acid hydrolysis processes as a strategy for better use and obtaining products from coffee residues. Rev. Mex. Ing. Quim. 22(1). https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Bio3021.

Hyndman, R.J., and Koehler, A.B. (2006). Another look at measures of forecast accuracy. International Journal of Forecasting 22(4), 679–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2006.03.001.

International Coffee Organization (2021). The future of coffee Investing in youth for a resilient and sustainable coffee sector. Available at: https://acortar.link/9McCm8. Accessed: February 2, 2024.

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