Mat26673 Vol. 25 No. 1 (2026)

Vol. 25, No. 1 (2026), Mat26673 https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Mat26673

Analysis of the thermodegradation of sugar cane residues for their revalorization in the manufacture of charcoal: Comparative study between varieties CP-72-2086, MEX-69-290 and sugar cane bagasse from a sugar mill

Authors

W.E. Sosa-González, R.J. Palí-Casanova, J. Bautista-Ortega, M.A. Yam-Cervantes, N.A. Pacheco-López, L. A. Dzul-López, J. Arreola-Enríquez

Abstract

In this study, the thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of sugarcane varieties CP-72-2086, MEX-69-290, and industrial sugarcane bagasse (BICA) were compared to predict carbonization yield and hemicellulose/cellulose content. Results showed 50% yield temperatures of 400 °C (MEX-69-290), 409 °C (CP-72-2086), and 501.9 °C (BICA). DTG deconvolution revealed cellulose presence at 400-510 °C for CP-72-2086 and MEX-69-290, versus 325-410 °C for BICA. BET analysis of BICA carbons carbonized at 375 °C and 750 °C confirmed a temperature dependent textural decline, with specific surface area decreasing by 51.3% (from 83.120 to 40.477 m² g⁻¹) and pore volume reducing by 47.95% (from 0.171 to 0.089 cm³ g⁻¹). This behavior agrees with the TGA/DTG profiles of BICA, where cellulose is almost completely degraded around 410 °C, leading to a collapse of the porous structure at higher carbonization temperatures. In contrast, the field residues CP 72 2086 and MEX 69 290 retain a larger cellulose fraction at 410 °C, which helps preserve charcoal porosity and supports variety specific carbonization strategies for optimized charcoal production.

Keywords

Industrial sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane varieties CP-72-2086 and MEX-69-290, carbonization, thermodegradation, BET analysis.

References
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A., De Souza, L. M. A., Ccopa Rivera, E., Felisbino, R. F., Maciel Filho, R. & Plazas Tovar, L. (2022). Kinetic study of thermal decomposition of sugarcane bagasse pseudo-components at typical pretreatment conditions: Simulations of opportunities towards the establishment of a feasible primary biorefining. Cleaner Chemical Engineering, 4, 100074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clce.2022.100074 Castañeda-Castro, O., Trejo-Téllez, L. I., Gómez-Merino, F. C., Jácome-Ortiz, L., Hernández de la Luz, H., Morales-Ramos, V., González-Arnao, M. T., Martínez-Ocampo, Y. M., Gámez-Pastrana, R. & Pastelín-Solano, M. C. (2014). Respuestas de las variedades MEX-69-290 y CP-72-2086 de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) a la salinidad. Agroproductividad, 7(2), 55-60. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/44495577/Respuestas_de_las_variedades_Mex_69_290_y_CP_72_2086_de_ca%C3%B1a_de_az%C3%BAcar_Saccharum_spp_a_la_salinidad Castañeda-Castro, O., Pastelín-Solano, M. C., Trejo-Téllez, L. I., Solano-Pastelín, E. A. & Gómez-Merino, F. C. (2021). Differential effect of salinity on growth, nutrient concentration and chlorophyll in sugarcane varieties MEX-69-290 and CP 72-2086. Agrociencia, 55(7), 597-610. https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v55i7.2606 Cía. Editora del Manual Azucarero, S. A. de C. V. (2024). Manual Azucarero Mexicano (67ª ed.). Cía. Editora del Manual Azucarero, S. A. de C. V. Díez, D., Urueña, A., Piñero, R., Barrio, A. & Tamminen, T. (2020). Determination of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin Content in Different Types of Biomasses by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pseudocomponent Kinetic Model (TGA-PKM Method). Processes, 8(9), 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8091048 Guevara-Martínez, S. J., Chávez-Parga, M. C., Espino-Valencia, J. & Arroyo-Albiter, M. (2021). Purificación de la fibra de agave por un método hidrotérmico. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química, 20(1), 333–344. https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Mat1926 Jácome-Pilco, C., García-Culqui, R., Guevara-Narváez, L. & Moreta-Guangasi T. (2023). Revalorización del bagazo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) como residuo importante para la agroindustria. 593 Digital Publisher CEIT, 8(3), 134-148 https://doi.org/10.33386/593dp.2023.3.1661 Manals-Cutiño, E., Penedo-Medina, M. & Giralt-Ortega, G. (2011). Análisis Termogravimetrico y Térmico Diferencial de diferentes biomasas vegetales. Tecnología Química, 31(2), 36-43. Recuperado de https://tecnologiaquimica.uo.edu.cu/index.php/tq/article/view/914/871 Martinez-Mendoza, K. L., Guerrero-Perez, J., Barraza-Burgos, J., Forero, C. R., Williams, O., Lester, E. & Gil, N. (2023). Thermochemical behavior of agricultural and industrial sugarcane residues for bioenergy applications. Bioengineered, 14(1), 2283264. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2283264 Mubarak, A. A., Ilyas, R. A., Nordin, A. H., Ngadi, N. & Alkbir, M. F. M. (2024). Recent developments in sugarcane bagasse fibre-based adsorbent and their potential industrial applications: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 277(1), 134165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134165 Najafi, H., Golrokh Sani, A. & Sobati, M. A. (2024). Thermogravimetric and thermo-kinetic analysis of sugarcane bagasse pith: a comparative evaluation with other sugarcane residues. Sci. Rep., 14, 2076. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52500-x Nunes, L. J. R., Loureiro, L. M. E. F., Sá, L. C. R. y Silva, H. F. C. (2020). Recuperación de residuos de la industria de la caña de azúcar: un estudio de caso sobre el uso de tecnologías de conversión termoquímica para aumentar la sostenibilidad. Applied Sciences, 10 (18), 6481. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186481 Parmar, P., Mukherjee, S., Singh, V. K. & Meikap, B. C. (2024). Thermo-kinetic analysis of sugarcane bagasse as a sustainable energy resource evaluation. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 54, 102836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102836 Pacheco-Catalán, D. E., Smit, M. A., & Morales, E. (2011). Characterization of composite mesoporous carbon/conducting polymer electrodes prepared by chemical oxidation of gas-phase absorbed monomer for electrochemical capacitors. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 6(1), 78-90. https://www.electrochemsci.org/papers/vol6/6010078.pdf Peng, F., Ren, J. L., Xu, F., Bian, J., Peng, P. & Sun, R. C. (2009). Comparative study of hemicelluloses obtained by graded ethanol precipitation from sugarcane bagasse. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(14), 6305–6317. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900986b Rea, R., De Sousa, O. & González, V. (1994). Caracterización de catorce variedades promisorias de caña de azúcar en Venezuela. Caña de azúcar, 12(1), 4-44. http://sian.inia.gob.ve/revistas_ci/canadeazucar/cana1201/texto/caracterizacion.htm Skoczko, I. & Guminski, R. (2022). Use of Sugar Cane Fibers as Raw Material for the Production of Activated Carbon. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 18(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022018003 Solís-Fuentes, J. A., Morales-Téllez, M., Ayala-Tirado, R. C. & Durán-de-Bazúa, M. D. C. (2012). Obtención de carbón activado a partir de residuos agroindustriales y su evaluación en la remoción de color del jugo de caña. Tecnología, Ciencia, Educación, 27(1), 36-48. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48224413006 Varhegyi, G., Antal Jr, M.J., Szekely, T. & Szabo, P. (1989). Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and sugarcane bagasse. Energy & fuels, 3(3), 329-335. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00015a012

References

Almeida, F. B. P. S., Meili, L., Soletti, J. I., Esquerre, K. P. S. O. R., Ribeiro, L. M. O. & De Farias Silva, C. E. (2019). Oil produced water treatment using sugarcane solid residue as biosorbent. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química, 18(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbi/revmexingquim/2019v18n1/Almeida
Arreola-Enríquez, J., Saucedo-Novelo, E. C., Carrillo-Ávila, E., Obrador-Olan, J. J., Valdez- Balero, A. & Leyva-Trinidad, D. A. (2019). Evaluation of sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) varieties introduced to the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Agroproductividad, 12(7), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.32854/agrop.v0i0.1473
Bahín-Deroncelé, L. J., Quesada-González, O., Cascaret-Carmenaty, D. A., Odio-González, R. A. & Cantos-Macías, M. Á. (2023). Obtaining carbonous material from sugar cane bagasse with salt activation. Revista Cubana De Química, 35(2), 253–273. Retrieved from https://cubanaquimica.uo.edu.cu/index.php/cq/article/view/5334
Bahú, J. O., de Oliveira, R. A., De Souza, L. M. A., Ccopa Rivera, E., Felisbino, R. F., Maciel Filho, R. & Plazas Tovar, L. (2022). Kinetic study of thermal decomposition of sugarcane bagasse pseudo-components at typical pretreatment conditions: Simulations of opportunities towards the establishment of a feasible primary biorefining. Cleaner Chemical Engineering, 4, 100074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clce.2022.100074
Castañeda-Castro, O., Trejo-Téllez, L. I., Gómez-Merino, F. C., Jácome-Ortiz, L., Hernández de la Luz, H., Morales-Ramos, V., González-Arnao, M. T., Martínez-Ocampo, Y. M., Gámez-Pastrana, R. & Pastelín-Solano, M. C. (2014). Respuestas de las variedades MEX-69-290 y CP-72-2086 de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) a la salinidad. Agroproductividad, 7(2), 55-60. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/44495577/Respuestas_de_las_variedades_Mex_69_290_y_CP_72_2086_de_ca%C3%B1a_de_az%C3%BAcar_Saccharum_spp_a_la_salinidad
Castañeda-Castro, O., Pastelín-Solano, M. C., Trejo-Téllez, L. I., Solano-Pastelín, E. A. & Gómez-Merino, F. C. (2021). Differential effect of salinity on growth, nutrient concentration and chlorophyll in sugarcane varieties MEX-69-290 and CP 72-2086. Agrociencia, 55(7), 597-610. https://doi.org/10.47163/agrociencia.v55i7.2606
Cía. Editora del Manual Azucarero, S. A. de C. V. (2024). Manual Azucarero Mexicano (67ª ed.). Cía. Editora del Manual Azucarero, S. A. de C. V.
Díez, D., Urueña, A., Piñero, R., Barrio, A. & Tamminen, T. (2020). Determination of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin Content in Different Types of Biomasses by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pseudocomponent Kinetic Model (TGA-PKM Method). Processes, 8(9), 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8091048
Guevara-Martínez, S. J., Chávez-Parga, M. C., Espino-Valencia, J. & Arroyo-Albiter, M. (2021). Purificación de la fibra de agave por un método hidrotérmico. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química, 20(1), 333–344. https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Mat1926
Jácome-Pilco, C., García-Culqui, R., Guevara-Narváez, L. & Moreta-Guangasi T. (2023). Revalorización del bagazo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum) como residuo importante para la agroindustria. 593 Digital Publisher CEIT, 8(3), 134-148 https://doi.org/10.33386/593dp.2023.3.1661
Manals-Cutiño, E., Penedo-Medina, M. & Giralt-Ortega, G. (2011). Análisis Termogravimetrico y Térmico Diferencial de diferentes biomasas vegetales. Tecnología Química, 31(2), 36-43. Recuperado de https://tecnologiaquimica.uo.edu.cu/index.php/tq/article/view/914/871
Martinez-Mendoza, K. L., Guerrero-Perez, J., Barraza-Burgos, J., Forero, C. R., Williams, O., Lester, E. & Gil, N. (2023). Thermochemical behavior of agricultural and industrial sugarcane residues for bioenergy applications. Bioengineered, 14(1), 2283264. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2023.2283264
Mubarak, A. A., Ilyas, R. A., Nordin, A. H., Ngadi, N. & Alkbir, M. F. M. (2024). Recent developments in sugarcane bagasse fibre-based adsorbent and their potential industrial applications: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 277(1), 134165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134165
Najafi, H., Golrokh Sani, A. & Sobati, M. A. (2024). Thermogravimetric and thermo-kinetic analysis of sugarcane bagasse pith: a comparative evaluation with other sugarcane residues. Sci. Rep., 14, 2076. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52500-x
Nunes, L. J. R., Loureiro, L. M. E. F., Sá, L. C. R. y Silva, H. F. C. (2020). Recuperación de residuos de la industria de la caña de azúcar: un estudio de caso sobre el uso de tecnologías de conversión termoquímica para aumentar la sostenibilidad. Applied Sciences, 10 (18), 6481. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186481
Parmar, P., Mukherjee, S., Singh, V. K. & Meikap, B. C. (2024). Thermo-kinetic analysis of sugarcane bagasse as a sustainable energy resource evaluation. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 54, 102836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102836
Pacheco-Catalán, D. E., Smit, M. A., & Morales, E. (2011). Characterization of composite mesoporous carbon/conducting polymer electrodes prepared by chemical oxidation of gas-phase absorbed monomer for electrochemical capacitors. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 6(1), 78-90. https://www.electrochemsci.org/papers/vol6/6010078.pdf
Peng, F., Ren, J. L., Xu, F., Bian, J., Peng, P. & Sun, R. C. (2009). Comparative study of hemicelluloses obtained by graded ethanol precipitation from sugarcane bagasse. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(14), 6305–6317. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900986b
Rea, R., De Sousa, O. & González, V. (1994). Caracterización de catorce variedades promisorias de caña de azúcar en Venezuela. Caña de azúcar, 12(1), 4-44. http://sian.inia.gob.ve/revistas_ci/canadeazucar/cana1201/texto/caracterizacion.htm
Skoczko, I. & Guminski, R. (2022). Use of Sugar Cane Fibers as Raw Material for the Production of Activated Carbon. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 18(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022018003
Solís-Fuentes, J. A., Morales-Téllez, M., Ayala-Tirado, R. C. & Durán-de-Bazúa, M. D. C. (2012). Obtención de carbón activado a partir de residuos agroindustriales y su evaluación en la remoción de color del jugo de caña. Tecnología, Ciencia, Educación, 27(1), 36-48. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=48224413006
Varhegyi, G., Antal Jr, M.J., Szekely, T. & Szabo, P. (1989). Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and sugarcane bagasse. Energy & fuels, 3(3), 329-335. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00015a012