Bio25511 Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025)

Vol. 24, No. 2 (2025), Bio25511 https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Bio25511

Construction of a hydrolysis reactor to obtain monosaccharides from a lignocellulosic residue

Authors

J.C. Gómora-Hernández, F. Cuellar-Robles, N. Flores-Alamo, M.C. Carreño-de-León

Abstract

The present work shows the design prototype of a pilot scale full mixing reactor made of stainless steel and which was tested in a dilute acid hydrolysis process. Computational Fluid Dynamics (LS Dyna software) was used to study the geometric configuration and hydrodynamic profile in preliminary tests (at a temperature of 120°C) to obtain reducing sugars from a lignocellulosic waste (pineapple waste), obtaining a maximum production of 45.5 g of sugars per 100 g of residual material at a time of 140 min. The concentration results obtained in the kinetics were adjusted to the Saeman kinetic model, obtaining a production constant k1 of 0.0168 min-1 and a degradation constant k2 equal to 0.0028 min-1 which showed that the production was greater than the degradation. of the sugars obtained.

Keywords

chemical reactor, design, Dyna software, kinetics, hydrolysis.

References
Abril-González, M., Vele-Salto, A., Pinos-Vélez, V. 2023. Kinetic study of acid hydrolysis of the glucose obtained from banana plant. ChemEngineering. 7, 39. Ahmed, M. A., Mushtaq, A., Terán-Hilares, R., Rehman, M. S. U., Iqbal, J., Raja, A. A., Weon, C. J., Han, J. I. 2020. Dilute acid hydrolysis of sugar canebagasse using a laboratory twin gear reactor. Renewable Energy. 153, 61-66. Arslan, Y., Takac, S., Eken-Saracoglu, N. 2012. Kinetic study of hemicellulosic sugar production from hazelnut shells. Chemical Engineering Journal. 185-186, 23-28. Chen, L., Zhang, H., Li, J., Lu, M., Guo, X., Han, L. 2015. A novel diffusion-biphasic hydrolysis coupled to kinetic model for dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn stover. Bioresource Technology. 177, 8-16. De Godoy, C. M., Machado, D. L., Da Costa, A. C. 2019. Batch and fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sugarcane bagasse. Assays and modeling. Fuel. 253, 392-399. Ebikade, E., Lym, J., Wittreich, G., Saha, B., Vlachos, D. G. 2018. Kinetic studies of acid hydrolysis of food waste-derived saccharides. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 57, 17365-17374. Fernandes Pereira, P. H., Ornaghi J., H. L., Arantes, V., Cioffi, M. O. H. 2021. Effect of chemical treatment of pineapple Crown fiber in the production, chemical composition, crystalline structure, thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetic properties of cellulosic materials. Carbohydrate Research. 499, 108227. Flores-Álamo, N., Gutiérrez-López, D., Solache-Ríos, M. J., Cuellar-Robles, F., Carreño-de-León, M. del C. 2024. Production of reducing sugars from leaves crown of pineapple, corn stalk and rose stalk using phosphoric acid: Kinetics and thermodynamics. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química. 23, IA24159. Gómora-Hernández, J.C., Carreño-de-León, M. del C., Flores-Álamo, N., Hernández-Berriel, M. del C., Fernández-Valverde, S. M. 2020. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of corncob hydrolysis in phosphoric acid with a low yield of bacterial inhibitors. Biomass and Bioenergy. 143, 105830. Gómora-Hernández, J. C., Carreño-de-León, M. del C., Cuellar-Robles, F., Flores-Álamo, N. 2022. Sugar production by dilute acid hydrolysis of oat bagasse with three different acids: Kinetics and thermodynamics. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química. 21, IA2822. Gutiérrez-López, D., Carreño-de-León, M. del C., Solache-Ríos, M. J., Gómora-Hernández, J. C., Ventura-Cruz, S., Flores-Álamo, N. 2022. Kinetic and thermodynamic study on acid hydrolysis of corn cob, rose stem and pineapple Crown. Chemical Engineering Communications. 210, 1581-1592. Johny, V., Mani, A. K., Palanisamy, S., Rajan, V. K., Palaniappan, M., Santulli, C. 2023. Extraction and physico-chemical characterization of pineapple crown leaf fibers (PCFL). Fibers. 2023. 11, 5. Khanghah, M. A., Jafari, A. 2022. Kinetic modeling and CFD simulation of catalytic upgrading reactions: From batch to continuous reactors. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 134, 104254. Llano-Serna, C. E., Coral-Portillo, J. A., Fontalvo, J., Prado-Rubio, O. A. 2019. CFD assisted analysis and design of hydraulic flocculators. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química. 18, 995-1015. Luo, Y., Li, Z., Li, X., Liu, X., Fan, J., Clark, J. H., Hu, C. 2019. The production of furfural directly from hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass: A review. Catalysis today. 319, 14-24 McCabe, Warren L., Julian C. Smith, and Peter Harriott. 2007. Unit operations of chemical engineering. McGraw-hill. Rafiqul, I. S. M., Sakinah, A. M. M. 2012. Kinetic studies on acid hydrolysis of Meranti wood sawdust for xylose production. Chemical Engineering Science. 71, 431-437. Rezania, S., Oryani, B.,Cho, J., Talaiekhozani, A., Sabbagh, F., Hashemi, B., Rupani, P. F., Mohammadi, A. A. 2020. Different pretreatment technologies of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production: An overview.Energy. 199, 117457. Roberto, I. C., Mussatto, S. I., Rodrigues, R. C. L. B. 2003. Dilute-acid hydrolysis for optimization of xylose recovery from rice straw in a semi-pilot reactor. Industrial Crops and Products. 17, 171-176. Rodrigues, R. C. L. B., Rocha, G. J. M., Rodrigues Jr., D., Filho, H. J. I., Felipe, M. G. A., Pessoa Jr., A. 2010. Scale-up of diluted sulfuric acid hydrolysis for producing sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate (SBHH). Bioresource Technology. 101, 1247-1253. Sabliov, C. M., Salvi, D. A., Boldor, D. 2006. High frequency electromagnetism, heat transfer and fluid flow coupling in ANSYS multiphysics. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy. 41, 5-17. Sarkar, S., Thummar, K., Shah, N., Vagrecha, V. 2019. A review paper on aerodynamic drag reduction and CFD analysis of vehicles. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 6, 1. Selvakumar, P., Adane, A. A., Zelalem, T., Hunegnaw, B. M., Karthik, V., Kavitha, S., Jayakumar, M., Karmegam, N., Govarthanan, M., Kim, W. 2022. Optimization of binary acids pretreatment of corncob biomass for enhanced recovery of cellulose to produce bioethanol. Fuel. 321, 124060. Solarte-Toro, J. C., Romero-García, J. M., Martínez-Patiño, J. C., Ruíz-Ramos, E., Castro-Galiano, E., Cardona-Alzate, C. A. 2019. Acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for energy vectors production: A review focused on operational conditions and techno-economic assessment for bioethanol production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 107, 587-601. Torget, R. W., Kim, J. S., Lee, Y. Y. 2000. Fundamental aspects of dilute acid hydrolysis/fractionation kinetics of hardwood carbohydrates. Cellulose hydrolysis. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 39, 2817-2825. Wang, Z., He, X., Yan, L., Wang, J., Hu, X., Sun, Q., Zhang, H. 2020. Enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover by twin-screw extrusion pretreatment. Industrial Crops and Products. 143, 111960. Wolfaardt, F. J., Leite Fernandes, L. G., Cangussu Oliveira, S. K., Duret, X., Görgens, J. F., Lavoie, J. M. 2021. Recovery approaches for sulfuric acid from the concentrated acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic feedstocks: A mini review. Energy Conversion and Management: X. 10, 100074. Wright, J. D., Bergeron, P. W., Werdene, P. J. 1987. Progressing batch hydrolysis reactor. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 26, 699-705. Yong, K. J., Wu, T. Y., Loong Lee, C. B. T., Lee, Z. J., Liu, Q., Jahim, J. M., Zhou, Q., Zhang, L. 2022. Furfural production from biomass residues: Current technologies, challenges and future prospects. Biomass and Bioenergy. 161, 106458. Zawawi, M. H., Saleha, A., Salwa, A., Hassan, N. H., Zahari, N. M., Ramli, M. Z., Muda, Z. C. 2018. A review: Fundamentals of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). AIP Conference Proceedings. 2030, 020252. Zhou, Z., Liu D., Zhao, X. 2021. Conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels and chemicals via sugar patform: An updated review on chemistry and mechanisms of acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 146, 111169.

References

Abril-González, M., Vele-Salto, A., Pinos-Vélez, V. 2023. Kinetic study of acid hydrolysis of the glucose obtained from banana plant. ChemEngineering. 7, 39.
Ahmed, M. A., Mushtaq, A., Terán-Hilares, R., Rehman, M. S. U., Iqbal, J., Raja, A. A., Weon, C. J., Han, J. I. 2020. Dilute acid hydrolysis of sugar canebagasse using a laboratory twin gear reactor. Renewable Energy. 153, 61-66.
Arslan, Y., Takac, S., Eken-Saracoglu, N. 2012. Kinetic study of hemicellulosic sugar production from hazelnut shells. Chemical Engineering Journal. 185-186, 23-28.
Chen, L., Zhang, H., Li, J., Lu, M., Guo, X., Han, L. 2015. A novel diffusion-biphasic hydrolysis coupled to kinetic model for dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn stover. Bioresource Technology. 177, 8-16.
De Godoy, C. M., Machado, D. L., Da Costa, A. C. 2019. Batch and fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sugarcane bagasse. Assays and modeling. Fuel. 253, 392-399.
Ebikade, E., Lym, J., Wittreich, G., Saha, B., Vlachos, D. G. 2018. Kinetic studies of acid hydrolysis of food waste-derived saccharides. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 57, 17365-17374.
Fernandes Pereira, P. H., Ornaghi J., H. L., Arantes, V., Cioffi, M. O. H. 2021. Effect of chemical treatment of pineapple Crown fiber in the production, chemical composition, crystalline structure, thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetic properties of cellulosic materials. Carbohydrate Research. 499, 108227.
Flores-Álamo, N., Gutiérrez-López, D., Solache-Ríos, M. J., Cuellar-Robles, F., Carreño-de-León, M. del C. 2024. Production of reducing sugars from leaves crown of pineapple, corn stalk and rose stalk using phosphoric acid: Kinetics and thermodynamics. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química. 23, IA24159.
Gómora-Hernández, J.C., Carreño-de-León, M. del C., Flores-Álamo, N., Hernández-Berriel, M. del C., Fernández-Valverde, S. M. 2020. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of corncob hydrolysis in phosphoric acid with a low yield of bacterial inhibitors. Biomass and Bioenergy. 143, 105830.
Gómora-Hernández, J. C., Carreño-de-León, M. del C., Cuellar-Robles, F., Flores-Álamo, N. 2022. Sugar production by dilute acid hydrolysis of oat bagasse with three different acids: Kinetics and thermodynamics. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química. 21, IA2822.
Gutiérrez-López, D., Carreño-de-León, M. del C., Solache-Ríos, M. J., Gómora-Hernández, J. C., Ventura-Cruz, S., Flores-Álamo, N. 2022. Kinetic and thermodynamic study on acid hydrolysis of corn cob, rose stem and pineapple Crown. Chemical Engineering Communications. 210, 1581-1592.
Johny, V., Mani, A. K., Palanisamy, S., Rajan, V. K., Palaniappan, M., Santulli, C. 2023. Extraction and physico-chemical characterization of pineapple crown leaf fibers (PCFL). Fibers. 2023. 11, 5.
Khanghah, M. A., Jafari, A. 2022. Kinetic modeling and CFD simulation of catalytic upgrading reactions: From batch to continuous reactors. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 134, 104254.
Llano-Serna, C. E., Coral-Portillo, J. A., Fontalvo, J., Prado-Rubio, O. A. 2019. CFD assisted analysis and design of hydraulic flocculators. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química. 18, 995-1015.
Luo, Y., Li, Z., Li, X., Liu, X., Fan, J., Clark, J. H., Hu, C. 2019. The production of furfural directly from hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass: A review. Catalysis today. 319, 14-24
McCabe, Warren L., Julian C. Smith, and Peter Harriott. 2007. Unit operations of chemical engineering. McGraw-hill.
Rafiqul, I. S. M., Sakinah, A. M. M. 2012. Kinetic studies on acid hydrolysis of Meranti wood sawdust for xylose production. Chemical Engineering Science. 71, 431-437.
Rezania, S., Oryani, B.,Cho, J., Talaiekhozani, A., Sabbagh, F., Hashemi, B., Rupani, P. F., Mohammadi, A. A. 2020. Different pretreatment technologies of lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production: An overview.Energy. 199, 117457.
Roberto, I. C., Mussatto, S. I., Rodrigues, R. C. L. B. 2003. Dilute-acid hydrolysis for optimization of xylose recovery from rice straw in a semi-pilot reactor. Industrial Crops and Products. 17, 171-176.
Rodrigues, R. C. L. B., Rocha, G. J. M., Rodrigues Jr., D., Filho, H. J. I., Felipe, M. G. A., Pessoa Jr., A. 2010. Scale-up of diluted sulfuric acid hydrolysis for producing sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate (SBHH). Bioresource Technology. 101, 1247-1253.
Sabliov, C. M., Salvi, D. A., Boldor, D. 2006. High frequency electromagnetism, heat transfer and fluid flow coupling in ANSYS multiphysics. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy. 41, 5-17.
Sarkar, S., Thummar, K., Shah, N., Vagrecha, V. 2019. A review paper on aerodynamic drag reduction and CFD analysis of vehicles. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 6, 1.
Selvakumar, P., Adane, A. A., Zelalem, T., Hunegnaw, B. M., Karthik, V., Kavitha, S., Jayakumar, M., Karmegam, N., Govarthanan, M., Kim, W. 2022. Optimization of binary acids pretreatment of corncob biomass for enhanced recovery of cellulose to produce bioethanol. Fuel. 321, 124060.
Solarte-Toro, J. C., Romero-García, J. M., Martínez-Patiño, J. C., Ruíz-Ramos, E., Castro-Galiano, E., Cardona-Alzate, C. A. 2019. Acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for energy vectors production: A review focused on operational conditions and techno-economic assessment for bioethanol production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 107, 587-601.
Torget, R. W., Kim, J. S., Lee, Y. Y. 2000. Fundamental aspects of dilute acid hydrolysis/fractionation kinetics of hardwood carbohydrates. Cellulose hydrolysis. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 39, 2817-2825.
Wang, Z., He, X., Yan, L., Wang, J., Hu, X., Sun, Q., Zhang, H. 2020. Enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover by twin-screw extrusion pretreatment. Industrial Crops and Products. 143, 111960.
Wolfaardt, F. J., Leite Fernandes, L. G., Cangussu Oliveira, S. K., Duret, X., Görgens, J. F., Lavoie, J. M. 2021. Recovery approaches for sulfuric acid from the concentrated acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic feedstocks: A mini review. Energy Conversion and Management: X. 10, 100074.
Wright, J. D., Bergeron, P. W., Werdene, P. J. 1987. Progressing batch hydrolysis reactor. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 26, 699-705.
Yong, K. J., Wu, T. Y., Loong Lee, C. B. T., Lee, Z. J., Liu, Q., Jahim, J. M., Zhou, Q., Zhang, L. 2022. Furfural production from biomass residues: Current technologies, challenges and future prospects. Biomass and Bioenergy. 161, 106458.
Zawawi, M. H., Saleha, A., Salwa, A., Hassan, N. H., Zahari, N. M., Ramli, M. Z., Muda, Z. C. 2018. A review: Fundamentals of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). AIP Conference Proceedings. 2030, 020252.
Zhou, Z., Liu D., Zhao, X. 2021. Conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels and chemicals via sugar patform: An updated review on chemistry and mechanisms of acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 146, 111169.